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In organic chemistry, ethoxylation is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide (C 2 H 4 O) adds to a substrate. It is the most widely practiced alkoxylation, which involves the addition of epoxides to substrates. In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC 2 H 4) n OH, where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds ...
Narrow-range ethoxylates (NREs) in chemistry are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with a narrow homolog distribution and are known nonionic surfactants.They can be produced industrially, for example, by the addition of ethylene oxide onto fatty alcohols in the presence of suitable catalysts (layer compounds which have been calcined or hydrophobized with fatty acids).
The usual manifestation of this reaction is ethoxylation of alcohols (ROH), in which case ethylene oxide is the alkoxylating agent: ROH + C 2 H 4 O → ROCH 2 CH 2 OH. Another industrially significant epoxide is propylene oxide (PO, OCH 2 CHCH 3). PO is mainly used for alkoxylation to produce polyether polyols.
It is a solvent for dyes, nitrocellulose, paints, inks, and resins.It is a component of wood stains for wood, for setting the twist and conditioning yarns and cloth, in textile printing, textile soaps, lacquers, penetration enhancer in cosmetics, drying varnishes and enamels, and brake fluids.
It is formed by the ethoxylation chemical reaction of dodecanol (lauryl alcohol) to give a material with 5 repeat units of ethylene glycol. Multilamellar vesicle formation [ edit ]
At standard pressure, the mixture of water and dioxane in the ratio 17.9:82.1 by mass is a positive azeotrope that boils at 87.6 °C. [16] The oxygen atoms are weakly Lewis-basic. It forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids. It is classified as a hard base and its base parameters in the ECW model are E B = 1.86 and C B = 1.29.
At the same time, rendering reduces what would otherwise be a major disposal problem. As an example, the United States annually recycles more than 21 million metric tons of highly perishable and noxious organic matter. In 2004, U.S. industry produced over 8 million metric tons of products, of which 1.6 million metric tons were exported.
Similar monomers used are 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and trimethylol propane triacrylate. It is a derivative of pentaerythritol [2] One of the key uses of the material is in polymeric synthesis where it can form micelles and block copolymers. [3] [4] The molecule's acrylate group functionality enables the molecule to do the Michael reaction with ...