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Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
Sodium hydroxide reacts with protic acids to produce water and the corresponding salts. For example, when sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride is formed: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) In general, such neutralization reactions are represented by one simple net ionic equation: OH − (aq) + H + (aq) → H 2 ...
The alkoxide ion is a strong base so the proton is transferred from the carboxylic acid to the alkoxide ion, creating an alcohol: saponification part III. In a classic laboratory procedure, the triglyceride trimyristin is obtained by extracting it from nutmeg with diethyl ether. Saponification to the soap sodium myristate takes place using NaOH ...
The primary alcohols have general formulas RCH 2 OH. The simplest primary alcohol is methanol (CH 3 OH), for which R = H, and the next is ethanol, for which R = CH 3, the methyl group. Secondary alcohols are those of the form RR'CHOH, the simplest of which is 2-propanol (R = R' = CH 3). For the tertiary alcohols, the general form is RR'R"COH.
The reaction between sodium hydroxide and some metals is also hazardous. Aluminium , magnesium , zinc , tin , chromium , brass and bronze all react with lye to produce hydrogen gas. Since hydrogen is flammable , mixing a large quantity of lye with aluminium could result in an explosion.
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
Allyl alcohol is produced commercially by the Olin and Shell corporations through the hydrolysis of allyl chloride: . CH 2 =CHCH 2 Cl + NaOH → CH 2 =CHCH 2 OH + NaCl. Allyl alcohol can also be made by the rearrangement of propylene oxide, a reaction that is catalyzed by potassium alum at high temperature.
The conversion is not obvious and typical samples of CH 3 CH 2 ONa are contaminated with NaOH. In moisture-free air, solid sodium ethoxide can form sodium ethyl carbonate from fixation of carbon dioxide from the air. Further reactions lead to degradation into a variety of other sodium salts and diethyl ether. [9]