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User Account Control (UAC) is a mandatory access control enforcement feature introduced with Microsoft's Windows Vista [1] and Windows Server 2008 operating systems, with a more relaxed [2] version also present in Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows 10, and Windows 11.
While standard users need to enter a username and password of an administrative account to get a process elevated (Over-the-shoulder Credentials), an administrator can choose to be prompted just for consent or ask for credentials. If the user doesn't click Yes, after 30 seconds the prompt is denied.
The Security Account Manager (SAM) is a database file [1] in Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, 8.1, 10 and 11 that stores users' passwords. It can be used to authenticate local and remote users. Beginning with Windows 2000 SP4, Active Directory authenticates remote users.
Included with Windows Vista and later Microsoft Windows operating systems, UAC prompts the user for authorization when an application tries to perform an administrator task. [1] Runas: A command-line tool and context-menu verb introduced with Windows 2000 that allows running a program, control panel applet, or a MMC snap-in as a different user. [2]
Control Panel is a component of Microsoft Windows that provides the ability to view and change system settings. It consists of a set of applets that include adding or removing hardware and software, controlling user accounts, changing accessibility options, and accessing networking settings.
The Directory System Agent is the executable part, a set of Windows services and processes that run on Windows 2000 and later. [1] Accessing the objects in Active Directory databases is possible through various interfaces such as LDAP, ADSI, messaging API , and Security Accounts Manager services.
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Windows Vista Home Basic is intended for budget users. Windows Vista Home Premium covers the majority of the consumer market and contains applications for creating and using multimedia; the home editions consequentally cannot join a Windows Server domain. For businesses, there are three editions as well.