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Terpenes are classified by the number of carbons: monoterpenes (C 10), sesquiterpenes (C 15), diterpenes (C 20), as examples. The terpene alpha-pinene is a major component of the common solvent, turpentine. The one terpene that has major applications is natural rubber (i.e., polyisoprene).
A terpene is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon based on combinations of the isoprene unit. Terpenoids are compounds related to terpenes, which may include some oxygen functionality or some rearrangement, however the two terms are often used interchangeably.
For example, sabinene contributes to the spicy taste of black pepper, 3-carene gives cannabis an earthy taste and smell, citral has a lemon-like pleasant odor and contributes to the distinctive smell of citrus fruits, and thujene and carvacrol are responsible for the pungent flavors of summer savory and oregano, respectively.
Although a wide range of terpene structures exist, few of them are biologically significant; by contrast, diterpenoids possess a rich pharmacology and include important compounds such as retinol, phytol or taxadiene.
Other drugs that affect the cardiovascular system include ajmaline, which is a Class I antiarrhythmic agents, [66] and ajmalicine, which is used in Europe as an antihypertensive drug. [55] Physostigmine – an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase – and its synthetic analogs are used in the treatment of glaucoma , Alzheimer's disease ...
While sometimes used interchangeably with "terpenes", terpenoids contain additional functional groups, usually containing oxygen. [1] When combined with the hydrocarbon terpenes, terpenoids comprise about 80,000 compounds. [2] They are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites, representing about 60% of known natural products. [3]
The authors cautioned that "evidence is needed, and further research should be considered, to prove causal associations of cannabis with many physical health conditions". [ 107 ] Cannabis use disorder is defined in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5 ) as a condition requiring treatment. [ 107 ]
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