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Topical gels are commonly used in cosmetics, which include shampoos, dentifrices, skin and hair care formulations and fragrance products, [1] [2] and can be used to treat scalp inflammation. [ 2 ] Topical gels can be used to deliver anti-inflammatory steroids to the scalp in treatment of scalp inflammations.
A container with cream. Topical cream formulation is an emulsion semisolid dosage form that is used for skin external application. Most of the topical cream formulations contain more than 20 per cent of water and volatiles and/or less than 50 per cent of hydrocarbons, waxes, or polyethylene glycols as the vehicle for external skin application. [1]
Acetophenone is formed as a byproduct of the cumene process, the industrial route for the synthesis of phenol and acetone.In the Hock rearrangement of isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, migration of a methyl group rather than the phenyl group gives acetophenone and methanol as a result of an alternate rearrangement of the intermediate:
Penetrates stratum corneum outer layers of skin well. Ointment – Combines oil (80%) and water (20%). Effective barrier against moisture loss. Gel – Liquefies upon contact with the skin. Paste – Combines three agents – oil, water, and powder; an ointment in which a powder is suspended. Powder – A finely subdivided solid substance.
Products of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and 2-phenylpropan-2-ol. [3] It is produced by treatment of cumene with oxygen, an autoxidation. At temperatures >100 °C, oxygen is passed through liquid cumene: [4] C 6 H 5 CH(CH 3) 2 + O 2 → C 6 H 5 C(CH 3) 2 OOH. Dicumyl peroxide is a side product.
Phenacyl chloride, also commonly known as chloroacetophenone, is a substituted acetophenone.It is a useful building block in organic chemistry.Apart from that, it has been historically used as a riot control agent, where it is designated CN. [5]
In its uncured state, silicone rubber is a highly adhesive gel or liquid. To convert it to a solid, it must be cured, vulcanized, or catalyzed.This is normally carried out in a two-stage process at the point of manufacture into the desired shape, and then in a prolonged post-cure process.
Using moisturizers helps to improve skin comfort and may reduce disease flares. [13] [14] They can be used as leave-on treatments, bath additives, or soap substitutes. There are many different moisturizer products, but the majority of leave-on treatments (from least to most greasy) are one of the following: lotions, creams, gels, or ointments.