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  2. Cell signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling

    Typically, the signaling process involves three components: the signal, the receptor, and the effector. [citation needed] In biology, signals are mostly chemical in nature, but can also be physical cues such as pressure, voltage, temperature, or light. Chemical signals are molecules with the ability to bind and activate a specific receptor.

  3. Receptor (biochemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)

    In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems. [1] These signals are typically chemical messengers [nb 1] which bind to a receptor and produce physiological responses such as change in the electrical activity of a cell.

  4. Chemical shift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_shift

    Chemical shift δ is usually expressed in parts per million (ppm) by frequency, because it is calculated from [5] =, where ν sample is the absolute resonance frequency of the sample, and ν ref is the absolute resonance frequency of a standard reference compound, measured in the same applied magnetic field B 0.

  5. Chemical signalling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_signalling

    Chemical signalling may refer to: Chemical signalling between cells, or cell signalling; Chemical signalling between plants, or plant communication;

  6. Signal transduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction

    Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors , although in some cases the term sensor is used. [ 1 ]

  7. Biochemical cascade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

    Each signal transduction occurs with a primary extracellular messenger that binds to a transmembrane or nuclear receptor, initiating intracellular signals. The complex formed produces or releases second messengers that integrate and adapt the signal, amplifying it, by activating molecular targets, which in turn trigger effectors that will lead ...

  8. Molecular communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_communication

    A Russian patent for a wireless network that uses a chemical system as the physical medium for data transmission, instead of the environment, was granted in 2018. The signals representing electronic messages transmitted through the wireless communication channel of this hypothetical wireless computer network would be changes of the chemical ...

  9. Semiochemical - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiochemical

    A semiochemical, from the Greek σημεῖον (semeion), meaning "signal", is a chemical substance or mixture released by an organism that affects the behaviors of other individuals. [1] Semiochemical communication can be divided into two broad classes: communication between individuals of the same species (intraspecific) or communication ...