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Marine geology or geological oceanography is the study of the history and structure of the ocean floor. It involves geophysical , geochemical , sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal zone .
The undersea cliff is incised by more than 500 canyons, while landslide occurrence has been inferred from sediment samples collected from the base of the escarpment.The 2012 research on the escarpment closest to Sicily identified 70 submarine landslides as well as black coral reefs, while a 2014 survey focused further south but still on the northern part of the escarpment, especially on the ...
A fjord is an elongated bay formed by glacial action. [4] The term embayment is also used for related features , such as extinct bays or freshwater environments. A bay can be the estuary of a river, such as the Chesapeake Bay , an estuary of the Susquehanna River . [ 2 ]
Thermohaline circulation. Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean' and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology.
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In contrast to continental flood basalts, most igneous oceanic plateaus erupt through young and thin (6–7 km (3.7–4.3 mi)) mafic or ultra-mafic crust and are therefore uncontaminated by felsic crust and representative for their mantle sources. These plateaus often rise 2–3 km (1.2–1.9 mi) above the surrounding ocean floor and are more ...
The oceanic zone is typically defined as the area of the ocean lying beyond the continental shelf (e.g. the neritic zone), but operationally is often referred to as beginning where the water depths drop to below 200 metres (660 ft), seaward from the coast into the open ocean with its pelagic zone.
One of the earliest mentions of groynes is in connection with the planned improvements to the silted-up Dover harbour, by one Fernando Poyntz in 1582. [3] [4] [5]In 1713 the first wooden groyne to protect Brighton's seafront and coastline was built, which had been heavily damaged in the Great storm of 1703, and again in 1705. [6]