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  2. Alcohol (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)

    The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. The suffix -ol appears in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the ...

  3. Solvolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvolysis

    An example of a solvolysis reaction is the reaction of a triglyceride with a simple alcohol such as methanol or ethanol to give the methyl or ethyl esters of the fatty acid, as well as glycerol. This reaction is more commonly known as a transesterification reaction due to the exchange of the alcohol fragments. [2]

  4. List of reagents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reagents

    used to differentiate between water-soluble aldehyde and ketone functional groups Fenton's reagent: a solution of hydrogen peroxide and an iron catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters Formaldehyde: the simplest aldehyde; an important precursor to many other chemical compounds, such as polymers and polyfunctional alcohols ...

  5. Substitution reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_reaction

    Substitution reactions in organic chemistry are classified either as electrophilic or nucleophilic depending upon the reagent involved, whether a reactive intermediate involved in the reaction is a carbocation, a carbanion or a free radical, and whether the substrate is aliphatic or aromatic. Detailed understanding of a reaction type helps to ...

  6. Oxymercuration reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxymercuration_reaction

    Using an alcohol instead of water yields an ether (see also Hofmann-Sand reaction). In both cases, Markovnikov's rule is observed. Other applications of oxymercuration. Using a vinyl ether in the presence of an alcohol allows the replacement of one alkoxy group (RO–) for another by way of an acetal intermediate.

  7. Condensation reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation_reaction

    The addition of the two molecules typically proceeds in a step-wise fashion to the addition product, usually in equilibrium, and with loss of a water molecule (hence the name condensation). [3] The reaction may otherwise involve the functional groups of the molecule, and is a versatile class of reactions that can occur in acidic or basic ...

  8. Dehydration reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydration_reaction

    The classic example of a dehydration reaction is the Fischer esterification, which involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to give an ester RCO 2 H + R′OH ⇌ RCO 2 R′ + H 2 O. Often such reactions require the presence of a dehydrating agent, i.e. a substance that reacts with water.

  9. List of water-miscible solvents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_water-miscible...

    The following compounds are liquid at room temperature and are completely miscible with water; ... furfuryl alcohol: 98-00-0 C 3 H 8 O 3: glycerol: 56-81-5 CH 3 OH ...