Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
In aviation, the rule of three or "3:1 rule of descent" is a rule of thumb that 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) of travel should be allowed for every 1,000 feet (300 m) of descent. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, a descent from flight level 350 would require approximately 35x3=105 nautical miles.
Flight levels [3] are described by a number, which is the nominal altitude, or pressure altitude, in hundreds of feet, and a multiple of 500 ft.Therefore, a pressure altitude of 32,000 ft (9,800 m) is referred to as "flight level 320".
The top of descent is usually calculated by an on-board flight management system, and is designed to provide the most economical descent to approach altitude, or to meet some other objective (fastest descent, greatest range, etc.). The top of descent may be calculated manually as long as distance, air speed, and
An aircraft is streamlined from nose to tail to reduce drag making it advantageous to keep the sideslip angle near zero, though an aircraft may be deliberately "sideslipped" to increase drag and descent rate during landing, to keep aircraft heading same as runway heading during cross-wind landings and during flight with asymmetric power. [1]
In aeronautics, the rate of climb (RoC) is an aircraft's vertical speed, that is the positive or negative rate of altitude change with respect to time. [1] In most ICAO member countries, even in otherwise metric countries, this is usually expressed in feet per minute (ft/min); elsewhere, it is commonly expressed in metres per second (m/s).
Keep climbing whenever the aircraft is light enough to climb to the next highest available flight level, until it is time for descent. If it is possible to stay at the next higher cruise flight level for 20 minutes or more before "top of descent " ( TOD ) then it is cost-effective to make the climb.
Two aircraft manufacturers produce commercial passenger aircraft with primary flight computers that can perform under different flight control modes. The most well-known is the system of normal, alternate, direct laws and mechanical alternate control laws of the Airbus A320-A380. [3]
Common narrowbodies like the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737NG cruise at Mach 0.78 (450 kn; 830 km/h), [2] [3] while modern widebodies like the Airbus A350 and Boeing 787 cruise at Mach 0.85 (490 kn; 900 km/h). [4] [5] The typical cruising altitude for commercial airliners is 31,000 to 38,000 feet (9,400 to 11,600 m; 5.9 to 7.2 mi).