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The lines connecting the remaining houses with the utilities divide the plane into three regions. Whichever region the deleted house is placed into, the similarly shaded utility is outside the region. By the Jordan curve theorem, a line connecting them must intersect one of the existing lines.
Assume that we want to find intersection of two infinite lines in 2-dimensional space, defined as a 1 x + b 1 y + c 1 = 0 and a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 = 0. We can represent these two lines in line coordinates as U 1 = (a 1, b 1, c 1) and U 2 = (a 2, b 2, c 2). The intersection P′ of two lines is then simply given by [4]
Marginal considerations are considerations which concern a slight increase or diminution of the stock of anything which we possess or are considering. [4] Another way to think of the term marginal is the cost or benefit of the next unit used or consumed, for example the benefit that you might get from consuming a piece of chocolate.
Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water. These resources can be either freshwater from natural sources, or water produced artificially from other sources, such as from reclaimed water or desalinated water (). 97% of the water on Earth is salt water and only three percent is fresh ...
The method consists of filling the flow area with stream and equipotential lines, which are everywhere perpendicular to each other, making a curvilinear grid.Typically there are two surfaces (boundaries) which are at constant values of potential or hydraulic head (upstream and downstream ends), and the other surfaces are no-flow boundaries (i.e., impermeable; for example the bottom of the dam ...
A common-pool resource typically consists of a core resource (e.g., water or fish), which defines the stock variable, while providing a limited quantity of extractable fringe units, which defines the flow variable. While the core resource is to be protected or nurtured in order to allow for its continuous exploitation, the fringe units can be ...
Marginalism is a theory of economics that attempts to explain the discrepancy in the value of goods and services by reference to their secondary, or marginal, utility. It states that the reason why the price of diamonds is higher than that of water, for example, owes to the greater additional satisfaction of the diamonds over the water.
Clean water and air - Climate stability belongs to classic modern examples. [2] Water and air pollution is caused by market negative externality. Water flows can be tapped beyond sustainability, and air is often used in combustion, whether by motor vehicles, smokers, factories, wood fires. In the production process these resources and others ...