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The canton of Bern, or Berne (German: Kanton Bern; French: canton de Berne; Romansh: Chantun Berna; Italian: Canton Berna), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. Its capital city, Bern, is also the de facto capital of Switzerland. The bear is the heraldic symbol of the canton, displayed on a red-yellow background.
With Bern's accession, the confederacy had now reached the count of Acht Orte (Eight Cantons), concluding its formative period and entering its period of successful consolidation. Bern became a leading member of the Confederacy, significantly encouraging the expansionist policy it pursued during the later 14th and throughout the 15th century. [6]
An American-style 15×15 crossword grid layout. A crossword (or crossword puzzle) is a word game consisting of a grid of black and white squares, into which solvers enter words or phrases ("entries") crossing each other horizontally ("across") and vertically ("down") according to a set of clues. Each white square is typically filled with one ...
Bern (Swiss Standard German: ⓘ), or Berne (French: ⓘ), [note 1] is the de facto [note 2] capital of Switzerland, referred to as the "federal city". [note 3] [3] With a population of about 146,000 (as of 2024), Bern is the fifth-most populous city in Switzerland, behind Zürich, Geneva, Basel and Lausanne. [4]
1348-49 - Pogroms and persecution of the Jews in Bern following the Black Death. [5] 1353 - Canton of Bern joins the Swiss Confederacy. [6] [7] 1380 - Public clock installed (approximate date). [8] 1383-1384 - Burgdorferkrieg (Kyberg-Bern war) takes place in the County of Burgundy. 1406 - Construction begins of current Town hall of Bern. [7]
The two-letter abbreviations for Swiss cantons are widely used, e.g. on car license plates. They are also used in the ISO 3166-2 codes of Switzerland with the prefix "CH-" ( Confœderatio Helvetica — Helvetian Confederation — Helvetia having been the ancient Roman name of the region).
Bern returned the Vaud to the duchy of Savoy against a ransom of 50,000 guilders in 1476, and sold its claims on the Franche-Comté to Louis XI for 150,000 guilders in 1479. The confederates only kept small territories east of the Jura mountains, especially Grandson and Murten, as common dependencies of Bern and Fribourg. The whole Valais ...
Bern is one of the three cantons (with Valais and Graubünden) having summits above 4,000 metres. It is also one of the two cantons (with Vaud ) extending over both the Alps and Jura . Topographically, the most important summit of the canton is that of the Finsteraarhorn (most elevated , most prominent and most isolated ).