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In statistics, inter-rater reliability (also called by various similar names, such as inter-rater agreement, inter-rater concordance, inter-observer reliability, inter-coder reliability, and so on) is the degree of agreement among independent observers who rate, code, or assess the same phenomenon.
In statistics, intra-rater reliability is the degree of agreement among repeated administrations of a diagnostic test performed by a single rater. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability are aspects of test validity .
A B‑frame (Bidirectional predicted picture) saves even more space by using differences between the current frame and both the preceding and following frames to specify its content. P and B frames are also called inter frames. The order in which the I, P and B frames are arranged is called the group of pictures. Video frames contain ...
Cohen's kappa measures the agreement between two raters who each classify N items into C mutually exclusive categories. The definition of is =, where p o is the relative observed agreement among raters, and p e is the hypothetical probability of chance agreement, using the observed data to calculate the probabilities of each observer randomly selecting each category.
An intramolecular force (from Latin intra-'within') is any force that binds together the atoms making up a molecule. [1] Intramolecular forces are stronger than the intermolecular forces that govern the interactions between molecules. [2]
Like exploitative competition, the individuals aren’t interacting directly but rather suffer a reduction in fitness as a consequence of the increasing population size. Apparent competition is generally associated with inter rather than intraspecific competition, whereby two different species share a common predator. An adaptation that makes ...
An inter frame is a frame in a video compression stream which is expressed in terms of one or more neighboring frames. The "inter" part of the term refers to the use of Inter frame prediction . This kind of prediction tries to take advantage from temporal redundancy between neighboring frames enabling higher compression rates.
Intra-frame coding is a data compression technique used within a video frame, enabling smaller file sizes and lower bitrates, with little or no loss in quality. Since neighboring pixels within an image are often very similar, rather than storing each pixel independently, the frame image is divided into blocks and the typically minor difference between each pixel can be encoded using fewer bits.