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The average cost of a specialty drug in the US was $65,000 annually in June 2013 (about $5,416 a month). The price of Xyrem in the US has inflated by an average of 40% annually since it became available as a prescription. [67] The first authorized generic sodium oxybate, produced by Hikma Pharmaceuticals, was made available in January 2023. [63]
Sodium butyrate is a compound with formula Na(C 3 H 7 COO). It is the sodium salt of butyric acid. It has various effects on cultured mammalian cells including inhibition of proliferation, induction of differentiation and induction or repression of gene expression. [1] As such, it can be used in lab to bring about any of these effects.
The sodium salt of GHB has a salty taste. [31] Other salt forms such as calcium GHB and magnesium GHB have also been reported, [34] but the sodium salt is by far the most common. Some prodrugs, such as γ-butyrolactone (GBL), convert to GHB in the stomach and bloodstream. Other prodrugs exist, such as 1,4-butanediol (1,4-B). [35]
A suppository is a dosage form used to deliver medications by insertion into a body orifice (any opening in the body), where it dissolves or melts to exert local or systemic effects. There are three types of suppositories, each to insert into a different sections: rectal suppositories into the rectum , vaginal suppositories into the vagina ...
For adults, a randomized controlled trial found PEG (MiraLax or GlycoLax) 17 grams once per day to be superior to tegaserod at 6 mg twice per day. [21] A randomized controlled trial found greater improvement from two sachets (26 g) of PEG versus two sachets (20 g) of lactulose.
Glycerol has a hyperosmotic effect and can be used as a small-volume (2–10 ml) enema (or suppository). [16] Mineral oil is used as a lubricant because most of the ingested material is excreted in the stool rather than being absorbed by the body. [36] Sodium phosphate. [37] [38] Also known by the brand name Fleet. Available at drugstores ...
The multimillion-dollar competition will ask teams to test and verify therapeutics that can restore a decade of muscle, immune, and cognitive functioning for people age 65 to 80 in one year or less.
Sodium phenylbutyrate, sold under the brand name Buphenyl among others, is a salt of an aromatic fatty acid, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) or 4-phenylbutyric acid. [7] The compound is used to treat urea cycle disorders , because its metabolites offer an alternative pathway to the urea cycle to allow excretion of excess nitrogen.