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In matrix theory and combinatorics, a Pascal matrix is a matrix (possibly infinite) containing the binomial coefficients as its elements. It is thus an encoding of Pascal's triangle in matrix form. There are three natural ways to achieve this: as a lower-triangular matrix , an upper-triangular matrix , or a symmetric matrix .
Pascal's triangle, rows 0 through 7. The hockey stick identity confirms, for example: for n =6, r =2: 1+3+6+10+15=35. In combinatorics , the hockey-stick identity , [ 1 ] Christmas stocking identity , [ 2 ] boomerang identity , Fermat's identity or Chu's Theorem , [ 3 ] states that if n ≥ r ≥ 0 {\displaystyle n\geq r\geq 0} are integers, then
In mathematics, Pascal's triangle is an infinite triangular array of the binomial coefficients which play a crucial role in probability theory, combinatorics, and algebra.In much of the Western world, it is named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, although other mathematicians studied it centuries before him in Persia, [1] India, [2] China, Germany, and Italy.
Alternative notations include C(n, k), n C k, n C k, C k n, [3] C n k, and C n,k, in all of which the C stands for combinations or choices; the C notation means the number of ways to choose k out of n objects. Many calculators use variants of the C notation because they can represent it on a single-line display.
The first five layers of Pascal's 3-simplex (Pascal's pyramid). Each face (orange grid) is Pascal's 2-simplex (Pascal's triangle). Arrows show derivation of two example terms. In mathematics, Pascal's simplex is a generalisation of Pascal's triangle into arbitrary number of dimensions, based on the multinomial theorem.
In mathematics, the Bell triangle is a triangle of numbers analogous to Pascal's triangle, whose values count partitions of a set in which a given element is the largest singleton. It is named for its close connection to the Bell numbers , [ 1 ] which may be found on both sides of the triangle, and which are in turn named after Eric Temple Bell .
Below is a triangular array of unsigned values for the Stirling numbers of the first kind, similar in form to Pascal's triangle. These values are easy to generate using the recurrence relation in the previous section.
A level-5 approximation to a Sierpiński triangle obtained by shading the first 2 5 (32) levels of a Pascal's triangle white if the binomial coefficient is even and black otherwise If one takes Pascal's triangle with 2 n {\displaystyle 2^{n}} rows and colors the even numbers white, and the odd numbers black, the result is an approximation to ...