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A drug test (also often toxicology screen or tox screen) is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/saliva—to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.
Most people who take a drug test take a presumptive test, cheaper and faster than other methods of testing. However, it is less accurate and can render false results. The FDA recommends for confirmatory testing to be conducted and the placing of a warning label on the presumptive drug test: "This assay provides only a preliminary result.
Drug testing of welfare recipients has been proposed but not implemented in Canada, the UK, [2] and Australia. [3] In New Zealand, recipients of some payments may be required to take a drug test if this is a requirement of a potential employer or trainer. [2]
The test is performed by scraping off a small amount of the substance and adding a drop of the reagent (which is initially clear and colorless). The results are analyzed by viewing the color of the resulting mixture, and by the time taken for the change in color to become apparent.
The above photo shows the positive results of the number 2 Marquis reagent presumptive drug test when used with a sample of opium. It is the primary presumptive test used in Ecstasy reagent testing kits. It can also be used to test for such substances as opiates (e.g. codeine, heroin), and phenethylamines (e.g. 2C-B, mescaline).
It gives a negative test-result for 25I-NBOMe and many other non-indole-related psychoactives. The reagent will also give a positive result for opium, because of the presence of tryptophan in natural opium. [3] Pyridoxine, present in vitamin supplements, can give positive results to the Ehrlich test, showing a pink colour change. [4]
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