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  2. Heinz Werner's orthogenetic principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Werner's_orthogenetic...

    Heinz Werner's orthogenetic principle is a foundation for current theories of developmental psychology [1] and developmental psychopathology. [2] [3] Initially proposed in 1940, [4] it was formulated in 1957 [5] [6] and states that "wherever development occurs it proceeds from a state of relative globality and lack of differentiation to a state of increasing differentiation, articulation, and ...

  3. Premack's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premack's_principle

    Just as "reward" was commonly used to alter behavior long before "reinforcement" was studied experimentally, the Premack principle has long been informally understood and used in a wide variety of circumstances. An example is a mother who says, "You have to finish your vegetables (low frequency) before you can eat any ice cream (high frequency)."

  4. Reversal theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversal_theory

    Reversal theory is a structural, phenomenological theory of personality, motivation, and emotion in the field of psychology. [1] It focuses on the dynamic qualities of normal human experience to describe how a person regularly reverses between psychological states, reflecting their motivational style, the meaning they attach to a situation at a given time, and the emotions they experience.

  5. Attribute substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribute_substitution

    Attribute substitution explains the persistence of some illusions. For example, when subjects judge the size of two figures in a perspective picture, their apparent sizes can be distorted by the 3D context, making a convincing optical illusion. The theory states that the three-dimensional size of the figure (which is accessible because it is ...

  6. Behavioural change theories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioural_change_theories

    Each behavioural change theory or model focuses on different factors in attempting to explain behaviour change. Of the many that exist, the most prevalent are learning theories, social cognitive theory, theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour, transtheoretical model of behavior change, the health action process approach, and the BJ Fogg model of behavior change.

  7. Matthew effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_effect

    An example of the Matthew Effect's role on social influence is an experiment by Salganik, Dodds, and Watts in which they created an experimental virtual market named MUSICLAB. In MUSICLAB, people could listen to music and choose to download the songs they enjoyed the most. The song choices were unknown songs produced by unknown bands.

  8. Niche picking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niche_picking

    In 1983, psychology professors Sandra Scarr and Kathleen McCartney proposed that genes affect the environments individuals choose to interact with, and that phenotypes influence individuals’ exchanges with people, places, and situations. [2]

  9. Covariation model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariation_model

    Harold Kelley's covariation model (1967, 1971, 1972, 1973) [1] is an attribution theory in which people make causal inferences to explain why other people and ourselves behave in a certain way.