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  2. William E. Cross Jr. - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Cross_Jr.

    William E. Cross Jr. (1940 - December 5, 2024) was a theorist and researcher in the field of ethnic identity development, specifically Black identity development. [1] He is best known for his nigrescence model, first detailed in a 1971 publication, and his book, Shades of Black, published in 1991.

  3. Black psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Psychology

    [7] [41] William Cross proposed a prominent model of Black racial identity called the Nigrescence theory. [ 41 ] [ 42 ] Lastly, the reconstructionist approach examines the ways in which racism influences interactions between Black and White people. [ 7 ]

  4. Nigrescence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrescence

    Nigrescence is a word with a Latin origin. It describes a process of becoming Black or developing a racial identity. It describes a process of becoming Black or developing a racial identity. Nigrescence extends through history and impacts those victimized by racism and white supremacy .

  5. White Racial Identity Development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Racial_Identity...

    The White Racial Identity Model was developed by an African American psychologist, Janet Helms in 1992. [3] It is a racial and ethnic identity model created specifically for people who identify as White. This theory, heavily influenced by William Cross, has become a widely referenced and studied theory on White racial identity development. [4]

  6. Na'im Akbar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na'im_Akbar

    Akbar's two major qualms with Cross’ theory, and the related papers by Parham and Helms, is that 1) the model fails to account for the view that the Black identity is the core context of the self, and 2) the model fails to account for the centrality of spirituality in conceptualization of the Black personality, a crucial element in the Afro ...

  7. The Northampton shoemaker who caught the Auschwitz commander

    www.aol.com/northampton-shoemaker-caught...

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  8. Black studies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_studies

    Nigrescence [ edit ] William E. Cross Jr. developed the research method, known as Nigrescence , as a psychological framework; with the framework, he analyzes Africana culture and the behavioral dimensions of its psycho-adaptive traits as well as analyzes a timeline of Black culture (which is composed of five steps).

  9. Information processing theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_processing_theory

    The Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model was proposed in 1968 by Richard C. Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin. This model illustrates their theory of the human memory. These two theorists used this model to show that the human memory can be broken in to three sub-sections: Sensory Memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. [9]