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Now 30 years removed from 1989's "annus mirabilis" -- Central and Eastern Europe's year of miracles, when communist regimes seemingly toppled like dominoes -- it's easy to focus on the Western ...
Transatlantic cooperation and European integration was designed to maintain the fragile peace that was created in Europe after World War II. With the continent repeatedly falling into war over the past centuries the creation of the European Communities in the 1950s set to integrate its members to such an extent that war between them would be impossible.
Before World War II, no greater than 1%–2% of those countries' trade was with the Soviet Union. [174] By 1953, the share of such trade had jumped to 37%. [ 174 ] In 1947, Joseph Stalin had also denounced the Marshall Plan and forbade all Eastern Bloc countries from participating in it.
By the end of World War II, most of Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union in particular, suffered vast destruction. [9] The Soviet Union had suffered a staggering 27 million deaths, and the destruction of significant industry and infrastructure, both by the Nazi Wehrmacht and the Soviet Union itself in a "scorched earth" policy to keep it from falling in Nazi hands as they advanced over 1,600 ...
The War Communism period (1918–1921) which saw the forming of the International, the Russian Civil War, a general revolutionary upheaval after the October Revolution resulting in the formation of the first communist parties across the world and the defeat of workers' revolutionary movements in Germany, Hungary, Finland and Poland.
The spread of Western culture and capitalism to previously sealed-off communist countries, including Russia and Eastern Europe; Expansion of Western media and Internet in former socialist and communist countries; Failure of Soviet forces in Afghanistan and fall of communist Afghan state; Emigration of Soviet and Eastern Bloc Jews to Israel
The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, (Czech and Slovak: Československá socialistická republika, ČSSR) [a] known from 1948 to 1960 as the Czechoslovak Republic, [b] Fourth Czechoslovak Republic, or simply Czechoslovakia, was the Czechoslovak state from 1948 until 1989, when the country was under communist rule, and was regarded as a satellite state in the Soviet sphere of interest.
Faced with the threat of growing German Nazism, Italian fascism, Japanese Shōwa statism, and a world war, the Western Allies and the Soviet Union formed an alliance of necessity during World War II. [1] After the Axis powers were defeated, the two most powerful states in the world became the Soviet Union and the United States.