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The term system is polysemic: Robert Hooke (1674) used it in multiple senses, in his System of the World, [7]: p.24 but also in the sense of the Ptolemaic system versus the Copernican system [8]: 450 of the relation of the planets to the fixed stars [9] which are cataloged in Hipparchus' and Ptolemy's Star catalog. [10]
Systems theory is manifest in the work of practitioners in many disciplines, for example the works of physician Alexander Bogdanov, biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy, linguist Béla H. Bánáthy, and sociologist Talcott Parsons; in the study of ecological systems by Howard T. Odum, Eugene Odum; in Fritjof Capra's study of organizational theory; in the study of management by Peter Senge; in ...
Systems analysis is "the process of studying a procedure or business to identify its goal and purposes and create systems and procedures that will efficiently achieve them". Another view sees systems analysis as a problem-solving technique that breaks a system down into its component pieces and analyses how well those parts work and interact to ...
Intentional elements are: goal, soft goal, task, belief and resource. Goal is condition or situation that can be achieved or not. Goal is used to define the functional requirements of the system. In GRL notation goal is represented by a rounded rectangle with the goal name inside. Task is used to represent different ways of how to accomplish goal.
Projects may consider how the intended system meets organizational goals (see also [3]), why the system is needed and how the stakeholders’ interests may be addressed. [4] A goal model: Expresses the relationships between a system and its environment (i.e. not only on what the system is supposed to do, but why).
Systems can be isolated, closed, or open. A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. [1] A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning.
Examples: ongoing use of outside consultants. In simple terms, this is an archetype whereby a system grows increasingly dependent on an outside intervenor to help it function. In the short-term this works, but in the long term the system is unable to function on its own due to the dependence on the intervention and eventually fails to perform.
Example of a high-level systems architecture for a computer. A system architecture is the conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and views of a system. [1] An architecture description is a formal description and representation of a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structures and behaviors of the system.