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The Ottawa knee rules are a set of rules used to help physicians determine whether an x-ray of the knee is needed. [1] They state that an X-ray is required only in patients who have an acute knee injury with one or more of the following: Age 55 years or older; Tenderness at head of fibula; Isolated tenderness of patella
Nonetheless, the Pittsburgh knee rules offer fewer false positives than do the Ottawa knee rules, though the Ottawa knee rules are more commonly used. [2] The Ottawa knee rules count even a limping step as a step. Pittsburgh counts only a complete heel/toe plant as a step. This key difference likely accounts for the difference in specificity.
Most commonly, varus and valgus stress to the knee is added. These variations constitute different tests with different statistical performance and should not be confused with the original. According to some sources, the sensitivity of the McMurray test for medial meniscus tears is 53% and the specificity is 59%.
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When National Service was first introduced in Singapore in 1967, the physical fitness test included a 4.8 km (3.0 mi) run to be completed within 30 minutes, and the completion of a 9.6 km (6.0 mi) run within 70 minutes while wearing the skeletal battle order (a type of load-bearing equipment).
Trench foot, also known by other names, is a type of foot damage due to moisture. [1] Initial symptoms often include tingling or itching which can progress to numbness. [1] [2] The feet may become red or bluish in color. [1]