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  2. Economies of scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scale

    External economies of scale tend to be more prevalent than internal economies of scale. [44] Through the external economies of scale, the entry of new firms benefits all existing competitors as it creates greater competition and also reduces the average cost for all firms as opposed to internal economies of scale which only allows benefits to ...

  3. Localization and Urbanization Economies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localization_and...

    External economies of scale result from an increase in the productivity of an entire industry, region, or economy due to factors outside of an individual company. There are three sources of external economies of scale: input sharing, labor market pooling, and knowledge spillovers (Marshall, 1920). [1] Localization economies occur when an ...

  4. Economies of agglomeration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_agglomeration

    Economies of scale external to a firm result from spatial proximity and are called agglomeration economies of scale. Agglomeration economies can be seen as the external condition for companies and the internal condition for the region. Increasing returns to scale, according to Beckmann, is integral to understanding why urban centers form.

  5. Economic integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_integration

    Economies of scale is also a justification for economic integration, since some economies of scale may require a larger market than is possible within a particular country — for example, it would not be efficient for Liechtenstein to have its own car maker, if they would only sell to their local market. A lone car maker may be profitable ...

  6. Cluster theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_theory

    For example, Apple may run an ad on Facebook which Facebook gets compensated for and Apple will inevitably make more money from these ad's due to subconscious reinforcement of the product. Thus, these tech firms that cluster produce economies of agglomeration which is beneficial to most firms in the cluster due to the boost in productivity

  7. Economic globalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_globalization

    For these reasons and sometimes due to economies of scale, they can sometimes out-compete similar businesses in developing countries. This is a substantial issue in international agriculture, where Western farms tend to be large and highly productive due to agricultural machinery , fertilizer, and pesticides; but developing-country farms tend ...

  8. The first leg of Taylor Swift's Eras Tour consisted of 53 shows that served as a love story to local economies. As of August, the tour has grossed around $689 million, according to Pollstar -- but...

  9. Big push model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_push_model

    The hallmark of the ‘big-push’ approach lies in the reaping of external economies through the simultaneous installation of a host of technically interdependent industries. But before that could become possible, we have to overcome the economic indivisibilities by moving forward by a certain “minimum indivisible step”.