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Personality is any person's collection of interrelated behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns that comprise a person’s unique adjustment to life. [1] [2] These interrelated patterns are relatively stable, but can change over long time periods, [3] [4] driven by experiences and maturational processes, especially the adoption of social roles as worker or parent. [2]
Most experts agree that temperament has a genetic and biological basis, although environmental factors and maturation modify the ways a child's personality is expressed. [35] The term "goodness of fit" refers to the match or mismatch between temperament and other personal characteristics and the specific features of the environment.
"Personality" is a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by an individual that uniquely influences their environment, cognition, emotions, motivations, and behaviors in various situations. The word personality originates from the Latin persona, which means "mask".
All distinct PDs have been merged into one: personality disorder , which can be coded as mild , moderate , severe , or severity unspecified . Severity is determined by the level of distress experienced and degree of impact on day to day activities which results from difficulties in fuctioning aspects of self, (i,e, identity and agency) and ...
The Big Five personality traits are often used to measure change in personality. There is a mean-level change in the Big Five traits from age 10 to 65. [48] The trends seen in adulthood are different from trends seen in childhood and adolescence.
Adult personality traits are believed to have a basis in infant temperament, meaning that individual differences in disposition and behavior appear early in life, potentially before language of conscious self-representation develop. [6] The Five Factor Model of personality maps onto the dimensions of childhood temperament. [7]
The four temperament theory is a proto-psychological theory which suggests that there are four fundamental personality types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Most formulations include the possibility of mixtures among the types where an individual's personality types overlap and they share two or more temperaments.
Sophrosyne (Ancient Greek: σωφροσύνη) is an ancient Greek concept of an ideal of excellence of character and soundness of mind, which when combined in one well-balanced individual leads to other qualities, such as temperance, moderation, prudence, purity, decorum, and self-control. An adjectival form is "sophron".