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In some cases, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties occur in a single molecule. An example of these amphiphilic molecules is the lipids that comprise the cell membrane . Another example is soap , which has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, allowing it to dissolve in both water and oil.
The term hydrophobic—which comes from the Ancient Greek ὑδρόφοβος (hydróphobos), "having a fear of water", constructed from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos) 'fear' [3] —is often used interchangeably with lipophilic, "fat-loving". However, the two terms are not synonymous.
In chemistry, an amphiphile (from Greek αμφις (amphis) 'both' and φιλíα 'love, friendship'), or amphipath, is a chemical compound possessing both hydrophilic (water-loving, polar) and lipophilic (fat-loving, nonpolar) properties. [1] Such a compound is called amphiphilic or amphipathic.
The hydrophobic effect depends on the temperature, which leads to "cold denaturation" of proteins. [19] The hydrophobic effect can be calculated by comparing the free energy of solvation with bulk water. In this way, the hydrophobic effect not only can be localized but also decomposed into enthalpic and entropic contributions. [3]
The hydrophobic or hydrophilic character of a compound ... In terms of thermodynamics, the hydrophobic effect is the free ... was computed for both protein interior ...
Most self-assembling molecules are amphiphilic, meaning they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic character. Peptide amphiphiles are a class of molecules consisting of either hydrophobic and hydrophilic peptide sequences, or a hydrophilic peptide with an attached hydrophobic group, which is usually an alkyl chain. The structure of a peptide ...
Historically, the term was used to describe the common behavior of materials composed of amphiphilic molecules upon the addition of a solvent. Such molecules comprise a hydrophilic (literally 'water-loving') head-group (which may be ionic or non-ionic) attached to a hydrophobic ('water-hating') group.
In the chemical and pharmaceutical sciences, both phases usually are solvents. [2] Most commonly, one of the solvents is water, while the second is hydrophobic, such as 1-octanol. [3] Hence the partition coefficient measures how hydrophilic ("water-loving") or hydrophobic ("water-fearing") a chemical substance is