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Stereolithography is a 3D-printing technique that uses photopolymerization to bind substrate that has been laid layer upon layer, creating a polymeric network. As opposed to fused-deposition modeling, where the extruded material hardens immediately to form layers, 4D printing is fundamentally based in stereolithography, where in most cases ultraviolet light is used to cure the layered ...
Model-based design (MBD) is a mathematical and visual method of addressing problems associated with designing complex control, [1] signal processing [2] and communication systems. It is used in many motion control , industrial equipment, aerospace , and automotive applications.
In computer science, a 4D vector is a 4-component vector data type. Uses include homogeneous coordinates for 3-dimensional space in computer graphics , and red green blue alpha ( RGBA ) values for bitmap images with a color and alpha channel (as such they are widely used in computer graphics).
This implies that S 3 L × S 3 R is the universal covering group of SO(4) — its unique double cover — and that S 3 L and S 3 R are normal subgroups of SO(4). The identity rotation I and the central inversion −I form a group C 2 of order 2, which is the centre of SO(4) and of both S 3 L and S 3 R. The centre of a group is a normal subgroup ...
4D (software), a complete programming environment including database and web server 4D SAS, developers of 4D and Wakanda; 4D Inc, a US-based subsidiary of 4D SAS; 4D BIM, a term used in computer aided design; 4D printing; Cinema 4D, a commercial cross platform 3D graphics application; SGI IRIS 4D, a line of workstations from Silicon Graphics
Four-dimensional space (4D) is the mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional space (3D). Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible abstraction of the observation that one needs only three numbers, called dimensions , to describe the sizes or locations of objects in the everyday world.
4d Chern–Simons theory is a 'master theory' for integrable systems, providing a framework that incorporates many integrable systems. Another theory which shares this feature, but with a Hamiltonian rather than Lagrangian description, is classical affine Gaudin models with a ' dihedral twist', [ 8 ] and the two theories have been shown to be ...
4D (4th Dimension, or Silver Surfer, as it was known during early development) is a relational database management system and integrated development environment developed by Laurent Ribardière. [3] 4D was created in 1984 [4] and had a slightly delayed public release for Macintosh in 1987 [5] [6] [7] with its own programming language. [1]