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The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child. There are over 6,000 known genetic disorders in humans.
An autosomal recessive disorder involving mutations of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) gene. PNP is a key enzyme in the purine salvage pathway. Impairment of this enzyme causes elevated dGTP levels resulting in T-cell toxicity and deficiency.
A. Abdallat–Davis–Farrage syndrome; Abetalipoproteinemia; Absent tibia-polydactyly-arachnoid cyst syndrome; Acanthosis nigricans-muscle cramps-acral enlargement syndrome
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Symptoms: Aggressive behavior, Microcephaly [2] Causes: Lack of the enzyme adenylosuccinate lyase [2] Diagnostic method: MRI, Genetic testing [3] [4] Treatment: D-ribose and uridine administration [5]
Autosomal genetic disorders can arise due to a number of causes, some of the most common being nondisjunction in parental germ cells or Mendelian inheritance of deleterious alleles from parents. Autosomal genetic disorders which exhibit Mendelian inheritance can be inherited either in an autosomal dominant or recessive fashion. [ 7 ]
Due to the wide range of genetic disorders that are known, diagnosis is widely varied and dependent of the disorder. Most genetic disorders are diagnosed pre-birth, at birth, or during early childhood however some, such as Huntington's disease, can escape detection until the patient begins exhibiting symptoms well into adulthood. [35]
Autosomal dominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2 with giant axons; Autosomal dominant GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency; Autosomal dominant intellectual disability-craniofacial anomalies-cardiac defects syndrome; Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy; Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features
The discovery that the gene defect in Blau syndrome involves the CARD15/NOD2 gene has sparked investigation into its function as part of the innate immune system. The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including bacterial polysaccharides such as muramyl dipeptide, via its pattern recognition receptors, such as NOD2, to induce signaling pathways that ...