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Sodium perchlorate is the precursor to ammonium, potassium and lithium perchlorate salts, often taking advantage of their low solubility in water relative to NaClO 4 (209 g/(100 mL) at 25 °C). [ 6 ] It is used for denaturating proteins in biochemistry and in standard DNA extraction and hybridization reactions in molecular biology .
Perchlorate salts are typically manufactured through the process of electrolysis, which involves oxidizing aqueous solutions of corresponding chlorates. This technique is commonly employed in the production of sodium perchlorate, which finds widespread use as a key ingredient in rocket fuel. [5]
A chlorate candle, or an oxygen candle, is a cylindrical chemical oxygen generator that contains a mix of sodium chlorate and iron powder, which when ignited smolders at about 600 °C (1,100 °F), producing sodium chloride, iron oxide, and oxygen at a fixed rate of about 6.5 man-hours per kilogram of the mixture. The mixture has an indefinite ...
Therefore, the name of the metal or positive polyatomic ion is followed by the name of the non-metal or negative polyatomic ion. The positive ion retains its element name whereas for a single non-metal anion the ending is changed to -ide. Example: sodium chloride, potassium oxide, or calcium carbonate.
These fragments were then used as building blocks in the structure generator. This structure generator was part of a CASE system, ESESOC. [23] Breadth-first search generation. Molecular structure generation is explained step by step. Starting from a set of atoms, bonds are added between atom pairs until reaching saturated structures.
These solids consist of the perchlorate anion linked via hydrogen bonds to H 2 O and H 3 O + centers. [9] An example is hydronium perchlorate. Perchloric acid forms an azeotrope with water, consisting of about 72.5% perchloric acid. This form of the acid is stable indefinitely and is commercially available. Such solutions are hygroscopic. Thus ...
In 2011, an individual battery stack was promoted to store 1.5 kWh, a shipping container-sized unit 180 kWh. [4] The battery cannot overheat. [5] The company expected its products to last many charge/discharge cycles, [6] twice as long as a lead-acid battery. Costs were claimed to be about the same as with lead-acid. [7] [8]
Nitrosyl perchlorate is the inorganic compound with the formula NO(ClO 4). A hygroscopic white solid, it is the salt of the nitrosonium cation with the perchlorate anion. It is an oxidant and strong electrophile , but has fallen out of use with the availability of the closely related salt nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate NO(BF 4 ) .