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William B. Purvis (12 August 1838 – 10 August 1914) [1] was an African-American inventor and businessman who received multiple patents in the late 19th-century. His inventions included improvements on paper bags, an updated fountain pen design, improvement to the hand stamp, and a close-conduit electric railway system.
Demand in 1945 was running 30,000 pens per day, making it America's #1 ballpoint pen. [3] However, within three years the price of the pen went from $12.50 to 50¢. The Reynolds Rocket Pen had a tiny ball bearing that let ink out only when pressed against the item you were writing on. [4]
A fountain pen is a writing instrument that uses a metal nib to apply water-based ink, or special pigment ink—suitable for fountain pens—to paper.It is distinguished from earlier dip pens by using an internal reservoir to hold ink, eliminating the need to repeatedly dip the pen in an inkwell during use.
The marker is a felt-tipped pen with quick–drying water–based ink. [5] In 1979, Paper Mate introduced the Eraser Mate or Erasermate brand. [6] In the 1980s, Paper Mate invented the Replay 2000 pen, with erasable ink and a rubber at one end. In 2010, Paper Mate introduced "environmentally friendly" biodegradable pens, pencils and erasers. [7]
In the 1960s, the fiber- or felt-tipped pen was invented by Yukio Horie of the Tokyo Stationery Company, Japan. [30] Paper Mate's Flair was among the first felt-tip pens to hit the U.S. market in the 1960s, and it has been the leader ever since. Marker pens and highlighters, both similar to felt pens, have become popular in recent times.
Lewis Waterman, an insurance salesman in New York City, invented the first truly functional fountain pen in the early 1880s. An apocryphal story is that a typical pen of the day leaked all over a contract he had prepared for a large policy, and by the time Waterman returned with a new document, his client had signed with someone else. [2]
He received his first fountain pen patent in 1908, for a lever-filler, but did not put his design into production until 1912. The new business was incorporated at the end of January 1913 as the W.A. Sheaffer Pen Company; its success was rapid, and the jewelry store was soon sold. Within ten years, the company had joined the top rank of American ...
He also invented the precursor of the Winchester repeating rifle [12] [13] [14] and the forerunner of the American fountain pen as used in the twentieth century. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Additionally, Hunt invented a flax spinner, an improved oil lamp, artificial stone, the first rotary street sweeping machine , [ 10 ] [ 18 ] mail sorting machinery ...