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Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl 5. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being PCl 3 and POCl 3 . PCl 5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent.
Phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentabromide, and phosphorus heptabromide are ionic in the solid and liquid states; PCl 5 is formulated as PCl 4 + PCl 6 –, but in contrast, PBr 5 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br −, and PBr 7 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br 3 −. They are widely used as chlorinating and brominating agents in organic chemistry.
This is unlike phosphorus pentachloride which exists as neutral PCl 5 molecules in the gas and liquid states but adopts the ionic form [PCl 4] + [PCl 6] − (tetrachlorophosphonium hexachlorophosphate(V)) in the solid state. The average bond lengths in the crystal structure of POCl 3 are 1.98 Å for P–Cl and 1.46 Å for P=O. [5]
A pentachloride is a compound or ion that contains five chlorine atoms or ions. Common pentachlorides include: Antimony pentachloride, SbCl 5; Arsenic pentachloride, AsCl 5; Molybdenum pentachloride, MoCl 5; Niobium pentachloride, NbCl 5; Phosphorus pentachloride, PCl 5; Protactinium pentachloride, PaCl 5; Osmium pentachloride, OsCl 5; Rhenium ...
As examples, in PF 5 the axial P−F bond length is 158 pm and the equatorial is 152 pm, and in PCl 5 the axial and equatorial are 214 and 202 pm respectively. [ 2 ] In the mixed halide PF 3 Cl 2 the chlorines occupy two of the equatorial positions, [ 2 ] indicating that fluorine has a greater apicophilicity or tendency to occupy an axial position.
Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl 5), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6), chlorine trifluoride (ClF 3), the chlorite (ClO − 2) ion in chlorous acid and the triiodide (I − 3) ion are examples of hypervalent molecules.
Phosphorus pentabromide – PBr 5; Phosphorus pentafluoride – PF 5; Phosphorus pentasulfide – P 4 S 10; Phosphorus pentoxide – P 2 O 5; Phosphorus sesquisulfide – P 4 S 3; Phosphorus tribromide – PBr 3; Phosphorus trichloride – PCl 3; Phosphorus trifluoride – PF 3; Phosphorus triiodide – PI 3; Phosphotungstic acid – H 3 PW 12 ...
Solid phosphorus pentachloride is an ionic compound, formulated PCl + 4 PCl − 6, that is, a salt containing the tetrachlorophosphonium cation. [7] [8] Dilute solutions dissociate according to the following equilibrium: PCl 5 ⇌ PCl + 4 + Cl −