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Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma of gasoline.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
C 6 H 5 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O → C 6 H 5 CH 2 OH + HCl. Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid. [5] For laboratory use, Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (C 6 H 5 MgBr) with formaldehyde and the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde also give benzyl alcohol.
The first industrial process involved the reaction of benzotrichloride (trichloromethyl benzene) with calcium hydroxide in water, using iron or iron salts as catalyst. The resulting calcium benzoate is converted to benzoic acid with hydrochloric acid. The product contains significant amounts of chlorinated benzoic acid derivatives.
Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C 6 H 6 O 3 S.It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid.It forms white deliquescent sheet crystals or a white waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether.
Chemical formula Name CAS number CH 3 CHO: acetaldehyde: 75-07-0 CH 3 CO 2 H: acetic acid: 64-19-7 (CH 3) 2 CO: acetone: 67-64-1 CH 3 CN: acetonitrile: 75-05-8 CH 3 CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OH: 1,2-Butanediol: 584-03-2
Indicative of its high reactivity (relative to alkyl chlorides), benzyl chloride slowly reacts with water in a hydrolysis reaction to form benzyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid. In contact with mucous membranes, hydrolysis produces hydrochloric acid. Thus, benzyl chloride is a lachrymator and has been used in chemical warfare. It is also very ...