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  2. Epithelial polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_polarity

    Epithelial polarity is one example of the cell polarity that is a fundamental feature of many types of cells. Epithelial cells feature distinct 'apical', 'lateral' and 'basal' plasma membrane domains. Epithelial cells connect to one another via their lateral membranes to form epithelial sheets that line cavities and surfaces throughout the ...

  3. Cell polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_polarity

    Epithelial cells also exhibit planar cell polarity, in which specialized structures are orientated within the plane of the epithelial sheet. Some examples of planar cell polarity include the scales of fish being oriented in the same direction and similarly the feathers of birds, the fur of mammals, and the cuticular projections (sensory hairs ...

  4. Developmental biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_biology

    Morphogenesis relates to the formation of a three-dimensional shape. It mainly involves the orchestrated movements of cell sheets and of individual cells. Morphogenesis is important for creating the three germ layers of the early embryo (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) and for building up complex structures during organ development.

  5. Apical ectodermal ridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apical_ectodermal_ridge

    Despite fin and limb developmental processes share many similarities, [14] they exhibit significant differences, one of which is the AER maintenance. While in birds and mammals the limb AER persists until the end of digit-patterning stage and eventually regresses, the fin AER transforms into an extended structure, named the apical ectodermal ...

  6. Mesenchymal–epithelial transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchymal–epithelial...

    Unlike epithelial cells – which are stationary and characterized by an apico-basal polarity with binding by a basal lamina, tight junctions, gap junctions, adherent junctions and expression of cell-cell adhesion markers such as E-cadherin, [4] mesenchymal cells do not make mature cell-cell contacts, can invade through the extracellular matrix, and express markers such as vimentin ...

  7. Neural crest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_crest

    The neural crest is a ridge-like structure that is formed transiently between the epidermal ectoderm and neural plate during vertebrate development. Neural crest cells originate from this structure through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, dentin, peripheral and enteric ...

  8. Planar cell polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planar_cell_polarity

    Planar cell polarity (PCP) is the protein-mediated signaling that coordinates the orientation of cells in a layer of epithelial tissue. In vertebrates, examples of mature PCP oriented tissue are the stereo-cilia bundles in the inner ear, [ 1 ] motile cilia of the epithelium, [ 2 ] and cell motility in epidermal wound healing. [ 3 ]

  9. Differential adhesion hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_adhesion...

    Differential adhesion hypothesis (DAH) is a hypothesis that explains cellular movement during morphogenesis with thermodynamic principles. In DAH tissues are treated as liquids consisting of mobile cells whose varying degrees of surface adhesion cause them to reorganize spontaneously to minimize their interfacial free energy. [1]