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2. Tarikh al-khulafa - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarikh_al-khulafa

   Tarikh al-khulafa (Arabic: تأريخ الخلفاء, History of the Caliphs) is the title of several works on the history of Islam: al-Imama wa al-siyasa, also known as Tarikh al-khulafa, a work attributed to Ibn Qutayba (died 889) History of the Caliphs, a work written by al-Suyuti (died 1505)

3. Khalifah ibn Khayyat - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifah_ibn_Khayyat

   Abū ʿAmr Khalīfa ibn Khayyāṭ al-Laythī al-ʿUṣfurī (Arabic: خليفة بن خياط) (born : 160/161 AH/777 AD– died 239/240 AH/854 AD) was an Arab historian.

4. List of caliphs - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_caliphs

   A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.

5. List of Islam-related films - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islam-related_films

   Early history BBC History of Islam in Europe, presented by Rageh Omaar: What the Ancients Did for Us: 2005 Documentary UK Early history BBC Episode 1: The Islamic World. Science and Islam: 2009 Documentary UK Early history BBC Science in the medieval Islamic world featuring Jim Al-Khalili: The Noon of the 10th Day: 1988 Documentary Iran Early ...

6. History of the Caliphs - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Caliphs

   The History of the Khalifahs who took the Right Way is a partial translation of History of the Caliphs.Its translator, Abdassamad Clarke, chose to translate the biographies of the first four "Rightly Guided Caliphs" adding to them Imam Hasan ibn Ali, because of his action in healing the divisions in the early community and, according to Sunni Muslims' opinion, legitimately handing power over ...

7. Rashidun Caliphate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate

   The caliphs are also known in Muslim history as the "orthodox" or "patriarchal" caliphs. [4] Following Muhammad's death in June 632, Muslim leaders debated who should succeed him. Unlike later caliphs, Rashidun were often chosen by some form of a small group of high-ranking companions of the Prophet in shūrā (lit.

8. Caliphate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate

   A caliphate (Arabic: خِلَافَةْ, romanized: khilāfah) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph [1] [2] [3] (/ ˈ k æ l ɪ f, ˈ k eɪ-/; خَلِيفَةْ khalīfa [xæ'liːfæh], pronunciation ⓘ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim ...

9. Political History of Islam - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_History_of_Islam

   But in the second volume called "History of the caliphs from the death of the messenger(s) to the decline of the umayyad", in addition to reviewing events, biography, and the origins of the first caliphs and the history of evolution of the two dynasties of the Umayyad and Abbasid, the life of Shiite Imams has also been discussed. [18] [19]