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A second of arc, arcsecond (abbreviated as arcsec), or arc second, denoted by the symbol ″, [2] is a unit of angular measurement equal to 1 / 60 of a minute of arc, 1 / 3600 of a degree, [1] 1 / 1 296 000 of a turn, and π / 648 000 (about 1 / 206 264.8 ) of a radian.
Solid angles can also be measured in square degrees (1 sr = (180/ π) 2 square degrees), in square arc-minutes and square arc-seconds, or in fractions of the sphere (1 sr = 1 / 4 π fractional area), also known as spat (1 sp = 4 π sr). In spherical coordinates there is a formula for the differential,
[18] [19] Today, the degree, 1 / 360 of a turn, or the mathematically more convenient radian, 1 / 2 π of a turn (used in the SI system of units) is generally used instead. In the 1970s – 1990s, most scientific calculators offered the gon (gradian), as well as radians and degrees, for their trigonometric functions . [ 23 ]
This is not the usual way to specify slope; this nonstandard expression follows the sine function rather than the tangent function, so it calls a 45 degree slope a 71 percent grade instead of a 100 percent. But in practice the usual way to calculate slope is to measure the distance along the slope and the vertical rise, and calculate the ...
Degree precision versus length decimal places decimal degrees DMS Object that can be unambiguously recognized at this scale N/S or E/W at equator E/W at 23N/S E/W at 45N/S E/W at 67N/S 0 1.0: 1° 00′ 0″ country or large region: 111 km: 102 km: 78.7 km: 43.5 km 1 0.1: 0° 06′ 0″ large city or district: 11.1 km: 10.2 km: 7.87 km: 4.35 km ...
One radian is defined as the angle at the center of a circle in a plane that subtends an arc whose length equals the radius of the circle. [6] More generally, the magnitude in radians of a subtended angle is equal to the ratio of the arc length to the radius of the circle; that is, =, where θ is the magnitude in radians of the subtended angle, s is arc length, and r is radius.
For this purpose scope mounts are sold with varying degrees of tilt, but some common values are: 3 mrad, which equals 3 m at 1000 m (or 0.3 m at 100 m) 6 mrad, which equals 6 m at 1000 m (or 0.6 m at 100 m) 9 mrad, which equals 9 m at 1000 m (or 0.9 m at 100 m) With a tilted mount the maximum usable scope elevation can be found by:
The loss tangent is defined by the angle between the capacitor's impedance vector and the negative reactive axis. If the capacitor is used in an AC circuit, the dissipation factor due to the non-ideal capacitor is expressed as the ratio of the resistive power loss in the ESR to the reactive power oscillating in the capacitor, or