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  2. Angular distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_distance

    Angular distance or angular separation is the measure of the angle between the orientation of two straight lines, rays, or vectors in three-dimensional space, ...

  3. Piston motion equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston_motion_equations

    Note that for the automotive/hotrod use-case the most convenient (used by enthusiasts) unit of length for the piston-rod-crank geometry is the inch, with typical dimensions being 6" (inch) rod length and 2" (inch) crank radius. This article uses units of inch (") for position, velocity and acceleration, as shown in the graphs above.

  4. Great-circle distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_distance

    When calculating the length of a short north-south line at the equator, the circle that best approximates that line has a radius of (which equals the meridian's semi-latus rectum), or 6335.439 km, while the spheroid at the poles is best approximated by a sphere of radius , or 6399.594 km, a 1% difference. So long as a spherical Earth is assumed ...

  5. Solid angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle

    Just as the magnitude of a plane angle in radians at the vertex of a circular sector is the ratio of the length of its arc to its radius, the magnitude of a solid angle in steradians is the ratio of the area covered on a sphere by an object to the square of the radius of the sphere. The formula for the magnitude of the solid angle in steradians is

  6. Cosine similarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosine_similarity

    The normalized angle, referred to as angular distance, between any two vectors and is a formal distance metric and can be calculated from the cosine similarity. [5] The complement of the angular distance metric can then be used to define angular similarity function bounded between 0 and 1, inclusive.

  7. Polar coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_coordinate_system

    The radial coordinate is often denoted by r or ρ, and the angular coordinate by φ, θ, or t. The angular coordinate is specified as φ by ISO standard 31-11. However, in mathematical literature the angle is often denoted by θ instead. Angles in polar notation are generally expressed in either degrees or radians (2 π rad being equal to 360°).

  8. Angular frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency

    A sphere rotating around an axis. Points farther from the axis move faster, satisfying ω = v / r.. In physics, angular frequency (symbol ω), also called angular speed and angular rate, is a scalar measure of the angle rate (the angle per unit time) or the temporal rate of change of the phase argument of a sinusoidal waveform or sine function (for example, in oscillations and waves).

  9. Angular velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity

    In physics, angular velocity (symbol ω or , the lowercase Greek letter omega), also known as the angular frequency vector, [1] is a pseudovector representation of how the angular position or orientation of an object changes with time, i.e. how quickly an object rotates (spins or revolves) around an axis of rotation and how fast the axis itself changes direction.