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Ayatollah (UK: / ˌ aɪ ə ˈ t ɒ l ə /, also US: / ˌ aɪ ə ˈ t oʊ l ə /; Arabic: اية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیتالله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is an honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. it came into widespread usage in the 20th century.
Ayatollah Khomeini's confrontation with the Shah and the Islamic Revolution that followed united the Imami world in a way that no recent event has brought the Sunni world together. As a result, Shia ulama provides society with Islamic responses to contemporary questions, while Sunni ulama are becoming even more socially irrelevant.
OPEC had Iran and Iraq sit down and work aside their differences, which resulted in relatively good relations between the two nations throughout the 1970s. In 1978 the Shah made a request to then-Vice President Saddam Hussein to banish the expatriate Ayatollah Khomenei from Iraq, who had been living there in exile for the past 15 years. In ...
The AIG became a failure, partly because it could not solve the differences between the factions; partly because of limited public support as it excluded the Iran-backed Shia mujahideen factions, and the exclusion of supporters of ex-King Mohammed Zahir Shah; and the mujahideen's failure in the Battle of Jalalabad in March 1989. [16] [17] [18] [19]
Escalating antipathy between Shah and Ayatollah climaxes in June with drawing parallels between the Umayyad Caliph Yazid I and the Shah and warns the Shah that if he did not change his ways the day would come when the people would offer up thanks for his departure from the country. [2]
The translation is based on the New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), first published in 1989 by an ecumenical translation committee under the National Council of Churches in Christ U.S.A. whose ...
Historian Ervand Abrahamian (who essentially devoted a book—Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic—to why Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Revolution, was not a fundamentalist but a populist, and calls the term "Islamic fundamentalism" in general "not only confusing but also misleading and even downright wrong"), notes ...
Nasrallah was born on 24 September 1930 in Qom to a religious family. His father, Mohammd Ali Shah-Abadi was a Grand Ayatollah . [2] Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Ali Shah-Abadi, father of Nasrallah. Nasrallah attended Tawfiq Elementary School in Tehran for his primary education, then in 1941 he pursued his Religious education in Tehran.