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Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder as seen on ultrasound [2] Non-contrast abdominal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder: [3] a The fundus of the gallbladder wall was thickened and the GB wall was obscure. b The intramural echogenic foci were detected by high frequency transducer.
In some cases, gallbladder wall thickening may be seen on ultrasound but is poorly defined and lacking specificity, particularly if the characteristic Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are not visualized. This can make it difficult to distinguish adenomyomatosis from other conditions that result in gallbladder wall thickening such as gallbladder cancer.
Adenomyomatosis describes a diseased state of the gallbladder in which the gallbladder wall is excessively thick, due to proliferation of subsurface cellular layer. It is characterized by deep folds into the muscularis propria. Ultrasonography may reveal the thickened gallbladder wall with intramural diverticulae, called Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses.
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One weakness of adenomatoid tumor ultrasound imaging is that it is only possible if the tumor is hyperechoic. Ultrasonically can help identify if it fits this category or not. This specific characteristic in adenomatoid tumors is variable and can determine whether or not ultrasound is the right technique for the job. [11]
Benign liver tumors generally develop on normal or fatty liver, are single or multiple (generally paucilocular), have distinct delineation, with increased echogenity (hemangiomas, benign focal nodular hyperplasia) or absent, with posterior acoustic enhancement effect (cysts), have distinct delineation (hydatid cyst), lack of vascularization or show a characteristic circulatory pattern ...
The second study reviewed 25,900 gallbladder specimens and found 150 patients with cancer and 44 patients with calcified gallbladders of two types (intramural calcification and selective mucosal calcification). [3] The selective mucosal calcification group showed a 7% incidence of cancer with a significant odds ratio of 13.89. [3]
Normally, the downstream gallbladder stores and concentrates the bile which originates in liver hepatocyte cells and is released into the microscopic component of the biliary system by the liver. Through aggregating tubules of increasing diameter, the bile leaves the liver and reaches the upstream (proximal) component of the common bile duct.