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  2. General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Bathymetric_Chart...

    GEBCO is the only intergovernmental body with a mandate to map the whole ocean floor. At the beginning of the project, only 6 per cent of the world's ocean bottom had been surveyed to today's standards; as of June 2022, the project had recorded 23.4 per cent mapped. About 14,500,000 square kilometres (5,600,000 sq mi) of new bathymetric data ...

  3. Marine chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_chemistry

    Marine chemistry, also known as ocean chemistry or chemical oceanography, is the study of the chemical composition and processes of the world’s oceans, including the interactions between seawater, the atmosphere, the seafloor, and marine organisms. [2]

  4. Bathymetry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathymetry

    The mass of the oceans is approximately 1.35 × 10 18 metric tons, or about 1/4400 of the total mass of the Earth. The oceans cover an area of 3.618 × 10 8 km 2 with a mean depth of 3,682 m, resulting in an estimated volume of 1.332 × 10 9 km 3. [8]

  5. Bathymetric chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathymetric_chart

    A bathymetric chart is a type of isarithmic map that depicts the submerged bathymetry and physiographic features of ocean and sea bottoms. [1] Their primary purpose is to provide detailed depth contours of ocean topography as well as provide the size, shape and distribution of underwater features.

  6. Argo (oceanography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argo_(oceanography)

    A user who wants to explore Argo data but lacks programming skills might like to download the Argo Global Marine Atlas [14] which is an easy-to-use utility that allows the creation of products based on Argo data such as the salinity section shown above, but also horizontal maps of ocean properties, time series at any location etc. This Atlas ...

  7. Ocean Observatories Initiative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Observatories_Initiative

    Map of OOI's arrays that continuously collect ocean data. Credit: Center for Environmental Visualization, University of Washington. The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is a National Science Foundation (NSF) Major Research Facility composed of a network of science-driven ocean observing platforms and sensors (ocean observatories) in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

  8. Physical oceanography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_oceanography

    Perspective view of the sea floor of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The purple sea floor at the center of the view is the Puerto Rico Trench.. Roughly 97% of the planet's water is in its oceans, and the oceans are the source of the vast majority of water vapor that condenses in the atmosphere and falls as rain or snow on the continents.

  9. High-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-nutrient,_low...

    This pattern was observed in other oceanic regions and led to the naming of three major HNLC zones: the North Pacific Ocean, the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, and the Southern Ocean. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The discovery of HNLC regions has fostered scientific debate about the ethics and efficacy of iron fertilization experiments which attempt to draw down ...