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Therapists outline the four different attachment styles—secure, anxious, avoidant, and fearful-avoidant—plus how to identify yours, cope, and change it.
Relationship participants with anxious and avoidant attachment styles have been linked to a decreased level of commitment. [17] Nor are secure attachment styles the only attachment styles associated with stable relationships. Adults with the anxious–preoccupied attachment style often find themselves in long-lasting, but unhappy, relationships.
This attachment style is associated with a negative model of the self and a positive model of others, leading to a preoccupation with relationships and a fear of abandonment. [3] Anxious-preoccupied individuals tend to have a heightened sensitivity to emotional cues and a tendency to perceive more pain intensity and unpleasantness in others. [4]
For example, individuals with an avoidance attachment style produce higher levels of the pro inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) when reacting to an interpersonal stressor, [211] while individuals representing an anxious attachment style tend to have elevated cortisol production and lower numbers of T cells. [212]
Experts break down the different types of attachment styles: secure, avoidant, anxious and disorganized. Plus, how it affects relationships.
A therapist explains the four attachment styles of attachment theory—secure, ambivalent, avoidant, and disorganized—and how they affect adult relationships.
A child with the anxious-avoidant insecure attachment pattern will avoid or ignore the caregiver, showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns. The child will not explore very much regardless of who is there. Infants classified as anxious-avoidant (A) represented a puzzle in the early 1980s.
It was developed by Mary Ainsworth, a developmental psychologist [5] Originally it was devised to enable children to be classified into the attachment styles known as secure, anxious-avoidant and anxious-ambivalent. As research accumulated and atypical patterns of attachment became more apparent it was further developed by Main and Solomon in ...
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