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Instead, Weekes developed her own unique treatment program. She noted that patients did not suffer from anxiety problems because they had flawed personalities or traumatic childhoods; rather, the problems were caused by the patient having a habit of fear-avoidance, made worse, or caused, by a very responsive "sensitized" nervous system. [3]
The history of the medications used in mental disorders has developed a lot through years. The discovery of modern drugs prevailed during the 20th century. Lithium, a mood stabilizer, was discovered as a treatment of mania, by John F. Cade in 1949, "and Hammond (1871) used lithium bromide for 'acute mania with depression'". [14]
In 2000, Tolin founded the Anxiety Disorders Center at the Institute of Living, where he continues to serve as director. [2] [6] He is also an adjunct professor of psychiatry at Yale School of Medicine. [7] In 2014, Tolin served as president of the Society of Clinical Psychology, a division of the American Psychological Association. [8]
The 20th century introduced a new psychiatry into the world. Different perspectives of looking at mental disorders began to be introduced. The career of Emil Kraepelin reflects the convergence of different disciplines in psychiatry. [50] Kraepelin initially was very attracted to psychology and ignored the ideas of anatomical psychiatry. [50]
Before the 20th century, observations of the relationship between mental health and the physical body began to take place in the world of psychiatry. Between 1917 and 1934, there were developments in treating mental illnesses by physical means. Eventually by 1938, ECT was first used in Italy by neurologist Ugo Cerletti to treat schizophrenia ...
It was this lack of successful treatment outcomes that forced Wolpe, once a dedicated follower of Freud, to question psychoanalytic therapy and search for more effective treatment options. [4] Wolpe is most well known for his reciprocal inhibition techniques, [ 5 ] particularly systematic desensitization , which revolutionized behavioral therapy.
1942 – Carl Rogers published Counseling and Psychotherapy, suggesting that respect and a non-judgmental approach to therapy is the foundation for effective treatment of mental health issues. 1943 – Albert Hofmann writes his first report about the hallucinogenic properties of LSD, which he first synthesized in 1938.
In the first half of the 20th century, clinical psychology focused on children's psychological assessment, with little attention given to treatment or adults. [3] The Vocation Bureau was established in Boston in 1908 by Frank Parsons. Parsons coined the term vocational guidance that year, and the Bureau soon became the concept's national body.