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In a study involving adult pericyte-deficient mice, cerebral blood flow was diminished with concurrent vascular regression due to loss of both endothelia and pericytes. Significantly greater hypoxia was reported in the hippocampus of pericyte-deficient mice as well as inflammation, and learning and memory impairment. [33]
Mural cells are the vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs), and pericytes, of the microcirculation.Both types are in close contact with the endothelial cells lining the capillaries, and are important for vascular development and stability.
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Pericyte: Nucleus pulposus cell: intervertebral disc: Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte: Fibrocartilage chondrocyte: Elastic cartilage chondrocyte: Osteoblast/osteocyte: Osteoprogenitor cell: Hyalocyte: vitreous body of eye Stellate cell: Pancreatic stellate cell: Red skeletal muscle cell (slow twitch) Contractile cells Skeletal muscle cells
For example, pericyte secondary processes establish contact with endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of peg-socket invaginations, where pericyte processes extend inward, forming indentations within the endothelial cell membrane.
Most vessels of the microcirculation are lined by flattened cells of the endothelium and many of them are surrounded by contractile cells called pericytes.The endothelium provides a smooth surface for the flow of blood and regulates the movement of water and dissolved materials in the interstitial plasma between the blood and the tissues.
A precapillary sphincter is a band of contractile mural cells either classified as smooth muscle or pericytes that adjusts blood flow into capillaries.They were originally described in the mesenteric microcirculation, and were thought to only reside there.
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC), also known as perisinusoidal cells or Ito cells (earlier lipocytes or fat-storing cells), are pericytes found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver, also known as the space of Disse (a small area between the sinusoids and hepatocytes).