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Arabic Grammar in its Formative Age: Kitāb al-‘ayn and its Attribution to Halīl b. Aḥmad, Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, 25 (Leiden: Brill, 1997). Includes a thorough assessment of al-Khalil's biography. Abdel-Malek, Zaki N. (2019) Towards a New Theory of Arabic Prosody, 5th ed. (Revised), Posted online with free access.
The feet of an Arabic poem are traditionally represented by mnemonic words called tafāʿīl (تفاعيل).In most poems there are eight of these: four in the first half of the verse and four in the second; in other cases, there will be six of them, meaning three in the first half of the verse and three in the second.
ˀAḫmad al-Farāhīdī's contribution to the study of Arabic prosody is undeniably significant: he was the first scholar to subject Arabic poetry to a meticulous, painstaking metrical analysis. Unfortunately, he fell short of producing a coherent theory; instead, he was content to merely gather, classify, and categorize the primary data—a ...
The question of whether the Quran includes saj' has been a contentious issue among Arabic literary critics because of the worry that this would conflate the Quran with human composition. [28] Most believed the Quran contained a significant amount of saj' [ 29 ] or that it has several formal features of saj' but that it should not be described ...
Abdel-Malek, Zaki N. Towards A New Theory of Arabic Prosody: A Textbook For Students and Instructors. Athamneh, Waed (2017). Modern Arabic Poetry: Revolution and Conflict. University of Notre Dame Press. El-Rouayheb, Khaled (2005). "The Love of Boys in Arabic Poetry of the Early Ottoman Period, 1500–1800," Middle Eastern Literatures. Vol. 8.
The ʿarūż [a] (from Arabic عروض ʿarūḍ), also called ʿarūż prosody, is the Persian, Turkic and Urdu prosody, using the ʿarūż meters. [b] The earliest founder of this versification system was Khalil ibn Ahmad. There were 16 meters of ʿarūż at first. Later Persian scholars added 3 more.
Abū al-Farāj claimed to have taken 50 years in writing the work, which ran to over 10,000 pages and contains more than 16,000 verses of Arabic poetry.It can be seen as having three distinct sections: the first deals with the '100 Best Songs' chosen for the caliph Harūn al-Rashīd, the second with royal composers, and the third with songs chosen by the author himself. [3]
An elaborate Arabic kind of rhymed prose is maqama. It influenced other cultures of the Muslim world , such as Persian (as exemplified by Saadi 's Gulestan ) and Turkish ( tr:Seci ). [ 2 ] Maqama also influenced the medieval Hebrew literature , a significant amount of which was produced by Jews of the Muslim world .