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The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a collective behavior in a 2D system of electrons. In particular magnetic fields, the electron gas condenses into a remarkable liquid state, which is very delicate, requiring high quality material with a low carrier concentration, and extremely low temperatures.
The fractional quantum Hall effect is more complicated and still considered an open research problem. [2] Its existence relies fundamentally on electron–electron interactions. In 1988, it was proposed that there was a quantum Hall effect without Landau levels. [3] This quantum Hall effect is referred to as the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect.
Arise in a two-dimensional system subject to a large magnetic field, most famously those systems that exhibit the fractional quantum Hall effect. [4] electron Configuron [5] An elementary configurational excitation in an amorphous material which involves breaking of a chemical bond Cooper pair: A bound pair of two electrons electron Dirac electron
In quantum mechanics, fractionalization is the phenomenon whereby the quasiparticles of a system cannot be constructed as combinations of its elementary constituents. One of the earliest and most prominent examples is the fractional quantum Hall effect, where the constituent particles are electrons but the quasiparticles carry fractions of the electron charge.
Fractional Chern insulators (FCIs) are lattice generalizations of the fractional quantum Hall effect that have been studied theoretically since 1993 [1] and have been studied more intensely since early 2010. [2] [3] They were first predicted to exist in topological flat bands carrying Chern numbers. They can appear in topologically non-trivial ...
In 1982, Frank Wilczek published two papers exploring the fractional statistics of quasiparticles in two dimensions, giving them the name "anyons" to indicate that the phase shift upon permutation can take any value. [10] Daniel Tsui and Horst Störmer discovered the fractional quantum Hall effect in
Hall effect (condensed matter physics) (electric and magnetic fields in matter) Hall of mirrors effect (computer graphic artifacts) (Doom) (id software) (video game glitches) Halo effect (cognitive biases) (educational psychology) (logical fallacies) (social psychology) Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect (quantum optics)
Fractional quantum Hall state: A state with fractionally charged quasiparticles. Hall resistance is quantized to fractional multiples of resistance quantum. Quantum spin Hall state: a theoretical phase that may pave the way for the development of electronic devices that dissipate less energy and generate less heat. This is a derivative of the ...