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The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (/ k ɑːr ˈ p eɪ θ i ən z /) are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe. Roughly 1,500 km (930 mi) long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at 2,500 km (1,600 mi) and the Scandinavian Mountains at 1,700 km (1,100 mi).
It is also called the European brown bear, common brown bear, common bear, and colloquially by many other names. The genetic diversity of present-day brown bears ( Ursus arctos ) has been extensively studied over the years and appears to be geographically structured into five main clades based upon analysis of the mtDNA .
Additionally, cave bear remains from Peștera cu Oase in the southwestern tip of the Romanian part of the Carpathian Mountains had elevated levels of nitrogen-15 in their bones, indicative of omnivorous diets, [23] [28] [29] although the values are within the range of those found for the strictly herbivorous mammoth. [30]
The Carpathian brown bear population of Romania is the largest in Europe outside Russia, estimated at 7,500 to 10,000 bears, and climbing due to strict legislation which is causing problems for mountain tourism. [18]
The Carpathian montane forests are one of the most sizable refuges in Central Europe for large predators and raptors, including brown bear (Ursus arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), European wildcat (Felis silvestris), and golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).
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Individual bears vary in size seasonally, weighing the least in spring due to lack of foraging during hibernation, and the most in late fall, after a period of hyperphagia to put on additional weight to prepare for hibernation. [38] [39] Brown bear skeleton. Brown bears generally weigh 80 to 600 kg (180 to 1,320 lb), with males outweighing ...
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