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A central nervous system tumor (CNS tumor) is an abnormal growth of cells from the tissues of the brain or spinal cord. [1] CNS tumor is a generic term encompassing over 120 distinct tumor types. [2]
At this dose, approximately 6391 people would have to be exposed to cause 1 case of brain cancer. [8] Ionizing radiation to the head as part of treatment for other cancers is also a risk factor for developing brain cancer. [24] Mutations and deletions of tumor suppressor genes, such as P53, are thought to be the cause of some forms of brain ...
These atypical lesion characteristics include a large intracranial lesion of size greater than 2.0 cm with a mass effect, edema and an open ring enhancement. A mass effect is the effect of a mass on its surroundings, for example, exerting pressure on the surrounding brain matter. Edema is the build-up of fluid within the brain tissue.
Metastasis is the most common cause of brain cancer, as primary tumors that originate in the brain are less common. [4] The most common sites of primary cancer which metastasize to the brain are lung, breast, colon, kidney, and skin cancer. Brain metastases can occur months or even years after the original or primary cancer is treated.
The hematoma can exert a mass effect on the brain, increasing intracranial pressure and potentially causing midline shift or deadly brain herniation. In the past this effect held additional diagnostic importance since prior to the invention of modern tomographic soft-tissue imaging utilizing MRI or CT it was not possible to directly image many ...
Neurological testing may also be performed, such as "a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI), and computerized brain tomography are used to detect central nervous system lesions, myelin loss, white matter abnormalities, and other physical changes in the brain." [8]
Pediatric brain cancer is the second-leading cause of childhood cancer death, just after leukemia. Recent trends suggest that the rate of overall CNS tumor diagnosis is increasing by about 2.7% per year. As diagnostic techniques using genetic markers improve and are used more often, the proportion of AT/RT diagnoses is expected to increase.
The symptoms of brain stem tumors vary greatly and can include ataxia, cranial nerve palsy, headaches, problems with speech and swallowing, hearing loss, weakness, hemiparesis, vision abnormalities, ptosis, and behavioral changes. Another possible symptom is vomiting.