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Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? is a Latin phrase found in the Satires (Satire VI, lines 347–348), a work of the 1st–2nd century Roman poet Juvenal. It may be translated as "Who will guard the guards themselves?" or "Who will watch the watchmen?".
The Praetorian Guard (Latin: cohortes praetoriae) was the imperial guard of the Imperial Roman army that served various roles for the Roman emperor including being a bodyguard unit, counterintelligence, crowd control and gathering military intelligence.
The name originated in the equation of the two co-emperors Diocletian and Maximian with the Roman gods Jove and Hercules.The old-established Praetorian Guard was based at the Castra Praetoria in Rome, and had frequently proved disloyal, making and deposing emperors and even on one occasion in 193 putting the Imperial throne up for auction to the highest bidder (cf: Didius Julianus).
Tutelary deities who guard and preserve a place or a person are fundamental to ancient Roman religion. The tutelary deity of a man was his Genius , that of a woman her Juno . [ 3 ] In the Imperial era , the Genius of the Emperor was a focus of Imperial cult .
The Praetorian Guard was an elite unit of the Roman army formed by Augustus in 27 BC, with the specific function to serve as a bodyguard to the emperor and members of the imperial family. [9] Much more than a guard however, the Praetorians also managed the day-to-day care of the city, such as general security and civil administration. [10]
The Excubitors (Latin: excubitores or excubiti, lit. ... 610–641) against the Sasanian Persians, and c. 650 some Excubitors appear as guards to Pope Martin I. [17]
Reconstructed Roman fortifications at Vindolanda.The limitanei would garrison similar forts around the Empire.. In the early 3rd century, the Roman military was organized into several provincial armies under the command of the provincial governors, a smaller reserve under the command of the emperor, guard units such as the Praetorian Guard, and the urban cohorts.
The Reconquest of Constantinople was the recapture of the city of Constantinople in 1261 CE by the forces led by Alexios Strategopoulos of the Empire of Nicaea from Latin occupation, leading to the re-establishment of the Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty, after an interval of 57 years where the city had been made the capital of the occupying Latin Empire that had been installed ...