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The twenty-foot equivalent unit (abbreviated TEU or teu) is a general unit of cargo capacity, often used for container ships and container ports. [1] It is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long (6.1 m) intermodal container, a standard-sized metal box that can be easily transferred between different modes of transportation, such as ships, trains, and trucks.
Until then, the MGM for 20- and 30-foot boxes was 24,000 kg (52,910 lb), and 25,400 kg (56,000 lb) respectively. However, since Amendment 2 of 2016, the maximum gross mass for ISO-standard (Series 1) containers of all sizes, (except 10‑foot units), has until now been further increased to a maximum of 36,000 kg (79,370 lb). [8]
An intermodal container, often called a shipping container, or cargo container, (or simply "container") is a large metal crate designed and built for intermodal freight transport, meaning these containers can be used across different modes of transport – such as from ships to trains to trucks – without unloading and reloading their cargo. [1]
The most common and noted type of containers are the 20 feet and 40 feet containers. There are also containers with an extent in height called "High Cube" containers. [3] [9] The fixed exterior dimension of the standard size boxes are: [9] [10] 20 feet container size is: 20 ft (6.1 m) length by 8 ft (2.4 m) width by 8.6 ft (2.6 m) height.
The vast majority of containers moved by large, ocean-faring container ships are 20-foot (1 TEU) and 40-foot (2 TEU) ISO-standard shipping containers, with 40-foot units outnumbering 20-foot units to such an extent that the actual number of containers moved is between 55%–60% of the number of TEUs counted. [1]
In shipping, the stowage factor indicates how many cubic metres of space one tonne (or cubic feet of space one long ton) of a particular type of cargo occupies in a hold of a cargo ship. [1] It is calculated as the ratio of the stowage space required under normal conditions, including the stowage losses caused by the means of transportation and ...
A flat rack container is a shipping container with two end walls, but without side walls and roof. Some flat racks can also be equipped with pillars. Flat rack containers are also available as stake containers with and without end walls. [1] There are flat racks in the standard sizes 20′ or 40′, and also in the dimensions of high cube ...
A spine car with a 20-foot tank container (left) and an open-top 20-foot container with canvas cover (right) A tank container can be loaded and unloaded from the top and the bottom. On a standard tank container there is a manhole, at least one valve on the top, and there is a valve at the bottom. Loading and unloading is done by connecting ...