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A civil service official, also known as a public servant or public employee, is a person employed in the public sector by a government department or agency for public sector undertakings. Civil servants work for central and local governments, and answer to the government, not a political party.
The U.S. civil service is managed by the Office of Personnel Management, which as of December 2011 reported approximately 2.79 million civil servants employed by the federal government, [2] [3] [4] including employees in the departments and agencies run by any of the three branches of government (the executive branch, legislative branch, and ...
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Statue of a Tang dynasty official, 7th–8th century. A bureaucrat is a member of a bureaucracy and can compose the administration of any organization of any size, although the term usually connotes someone within an institution of government.
Carl Schurz, founder of the Liberal Republican Party and prominent advocate of civil service reform. Civil service reform in the United States was a major issue in the late 19th century at the national level, and in the early 20th century at the state level. Proponents denounced the distribution of government offices—the "spoils"—by the ...
Public service announcement, a message in the public interest disseminated by the media; Public service broadcasting, electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), an American public broadcaster; Public service company, a corporation or other non-governmental business entity that delivers ...
Pay for political appointees is generally lower than pay for positions of equivalent responsibility in the private sector; Jeffrey Neal, the former chief human capital officer for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, noted in an article for the Partnership for Public Service that a U.S. government official "may run a multi-billion-dollar ...
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing ...