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These include certification in cave diving, commercial diving, recreational diving, technical diving and freediving. Diver certification agencies are organisations which issue certification of competence in diving skills under their own name, and which train, assess, certify and register the instructors licensed to present courses following the ...
The Diving Certification model originated at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) in 1952 after two divers died whilst using university-owned equipment. [3] The then President of the University of California, Robert Gordon Sproul, restricted diving to those who had been trained through the program at SIO and thus "certification" was born.
ISO 11121 introductory training programmes to scuba diving. (PADI equivalent – Discover Scuba Diving) Most PADI training programes are not directly covered by ISO standards. PADI is a member of the following member councils of the World Recreational Scuba Training Council – the RSTC Canada, the RSTC Europe and the C-Card Council (Japan).
The National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI Worldwide) is a nonprofit association of scuba instructors founded in 1960 by Albert Tillman and Neal Hess. [2] [3]NAUI primarily serves as a recreational dive certification and membership organization, providing international diver standards and education programs.
The Professional Diving Instructors Corporation (PDIC) is an international SCUBA training and certification agency. It has an estimated 5 million active recreational divers. [2] Founded in 1969, PDIC was established out of the need to properly train SCUBA instructors. [1]
CMAS** scuba diver is a certification for recreational scuba diving issued by the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS). which indicate that the diver has been found competent to dive in open water to a maximum depth of 40 meters, accompanied by another diver with equivalent or higher certification, with no dive leader ...
The ETS issued on June 15, 1976, was to be effective from July 15 but was challenged in the U.S. Court of Appeals by several diving contractors, and was withdrawn that November. A permanent standard for commercial diving became effective on 20 October 1977, but it did not consider the needs of scientific diving.
The NAUI Master Scuba Diver course [2] is one of such courses that has both skill based and academic component. The course was designed by Paul Heinmiller (NAUI 5141L) and Phil Sharkey (NAUI 4505L), [3] to meet a specific need that had been identified by the NAUI membership: a clearly defined course that provides, assesses, and certifies for all the academic and skills training required of a ...