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β-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as 3-hydroxybutyric acid or BHB, is an organic compound and a beta hydroxy acid with the chemical formula CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CO 2 H; its conjugate base is β-hydroxybutyrate, also known as 3-hydroxybutyrate. β-Hydroxybutyric acid is a chiral compound with two enantiomers: D-β-hydroxybutyric acid and L-β-hydroxybutyric acid.
Ketone bodies are transported from the liver to other tissues, where acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate can be reconverted to acetyl-CoA to produce reducing equivalents (NADH and FADH 2), via the citric acid cycle. Though it is the source of ketone bodies, the liver cannot use them for energy because it lacks the enzyme thiophorase (β ...
Ketogenesis is the biochemical process through which organisms produce ketone bodies by breaking down fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The process supplies energy to certain organs, particularly the brain , heart and skeletal muscle , under specific scenarios including fasting , caloric restriction , sleep, [ 3 ] or others.
[4] [3] Although, β-hydroxybutyrate is technically not a ketone due to the structure of the molecule (OH- attached to carbonyl group makes this an acid),BHB acts like a ketone, providing the body with energy in the absence of glucose. [1] In fact, β-Hydroxybutyrate is the most abundant ketone-like molecule in the blood during ketosis. [5] Acetone
In enzymology, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: -3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD + acetoacetate + NADH + H + Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are -3-hydroxybutanoate and NAD +, whereas its three products are acetoacetate, NADH, and H +.
Hydroxybutyric acid is a group of four-carbon organic compounds that have both hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functional groups. [1] They can be viewed as derivatives of butyric acid . The carboxylate anion and the esters of hydroxybutyric acids are known as hydroxybutyrates . β-hydroxybutyric acid is relevant to human health as it is a member ...
CF 3 C(O)CH 2 CO 2 H → CF 3 C(O)CH 3 + CO 2. It is a weak acid (like most alkyl carboxylic acids), with a pK a of 3.58. Acetoacetic acid displays keto-enol tautomerisation, with the enol form being partially stabilised by extended conjugation and intramolecular H-bonding. The equilibrium is strongly solvent depended; with the keto form ...
This deficiency is classified as a disorder ketone body and isoleucine metabolism that can be inherited. [citation needed] Additional mutations include those with the enzymes within pathways related to Acetoacetyl CoA, including Beta-Ketothiolase deficiency and Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase mutation. Mevalonate pathway