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Ketamine has similar efficacy to opioids in a hospital emergency department setting for the management of acute pain and the control of procedural pain. [53] It may also prevent opioid-induced hyperalgesia [54] [55] and postanesthetic shivering. [56] For chronic pain, ketamine is used as an intravenous analgesic, mainly if the pain is ...
NMDA receptor antagonists induce a state called dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia. [1] Ketamine is a favored anesthetic for emergency patients with unknown medical history and in the treatment of burn victims because it depresses breathing and circulation less than other anesthetics.
An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
Another problem with pain management is that pain is the body's natural way of communicating a problem. [6] Pain is supposed to resolve as the body heals itself with time and pain management. [6] Sometimes pain management covers a problem, and the patient might be less aware that they need treatment for a deeper problem. [6]
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) or opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity, also called paradoxical hyperalgesia, is an uncommon condition of generalized pain caused by the long-term use of high dosages of opioids [1] such as morphine, [2] oxycodone, [3] and methadone. [4] [5] OIH is not necessarily confined to the original affected site. [6]
Ketamine is suitable for hypotensive patients, or patients with risks of developing hypotension (e.g. those who have hypovolemia, hemorrhage, sepsis or severe cardiovascular compromise). [40] [41] This is because ketamine is associated with increased blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output. [42]
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is the use of prescribed doses of ketamine as an adjunct to psychotherapy sessions. KAP shows significant potential in treating mental disorders such as treatment-resistant depression (TRD), anxiety , obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and other conditions. [ 1 ]
"Pain ladder", or analgesic ladder, was created by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a guideline for the use of drugs in the management of pain. Originally published in 1986 for the management of cancer pain , it is now widely used by medical professionals for the management of all types of pain .