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It is provided with two pairs of valves, the lower pair being placed at its entrance into the subclavian vein, the upper in most cases about 4 cm above the clavicle. The portion of vein between the two sets of valves is often dilated, and is termed the sinus.
No valve divides the superior vena cava from the right atrium. The superior vena cava is made up of three layers, starting with the innermost endothelial tunica intima . The middle layer is the tunica media , composed of smooth muscle tissue, and the outermost and thickest layer is the tunica adventitia , composed of collagen and elastic ...
The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body, that is responsible for draining blood from the upper extremities, allowing this blood to return to the heart. The left subclavian vein plays a key role in the absorption of lipids , by allowing products that have been carried by lymph in the thoracic duct to enter the ...
The heart is a muscular organ situated in the mediastinum.It consists of four chambers, four valves, two main arteries (the coronary arteries), and the conduction system. The left and right sides of the heart have different functions: the right side receives de-oxygenated blood through the superior and inferior venae cavae and pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, and the left ...
Typically, there are two trunks - one on each side of the body. The right bronchomediastinal trunk may connect the right lymphatic duct, and the left trunk to the thoracic duct, [1] although more frequently, they open independently into the junction of the internal jugular vein and subclavian veins on their respective sides.
The left and right brachiocephalic veins (previously called innominate veins) are major veins in the upper chest, formed by the union of the ipsilateral internal jugular vein and subclavian vein (the so-called venous angle) [1] behind the sternoclavicular joint. [2]
In persistent left superior vena cava, the left brachiocephalic vein does not develop fully and the left upper limb and head and neck drain into the right atrium via the coronary sinus. [ 5 ] In isolation, the variation is considered benign, but is very frequently associated with cardiac abnormalities (e.g. ventricular septal defect ...
Upon reaching the posterior surface of the heart, [3] the great cardiac vein merges with the oblique vein of the left atrium to form the coronary sinus. [2] [3] At the junction of the great cardiac vein and the coronary sinus, there is typically a valve present. This is the Vieussens valve of the coronary sinus. [2]